一、 将下列材料用英语编写成若干个微型对话( 3---5 个句子) 并将其中的专业名词术语在百度上搜索相应的图片附在对话后面。比如: 钢结构 对话素材 : 天气和环境 Weather and Environment 1. Itis very fine today , and the weather is suitable forour work. 今天天气很好,适合我们工作。 2. Itis not at all a nice day. It will get colder. 天气一点也不好,要变冷起来。 3. Wecan not continue the outdoor work, because it is raining (sleeting) now. 因为现在下雨(雨雪),我们不能继续在室外工作。 4. Itis going to snow (hail) tomorrow, some measures must be taken to preventfreezing. 明天将下雪(冰雹),为预防冰冻必须采取一些措施。 5. Thelifting work on site will be compelled to stop, owing to the strong wind.(adense fog ). 由于强风(浓雾),现场起重吊装工作将被迫停止。 6. Wehave a nap (interval) after lunch in hot season. 热天午餐后,我们有一个午睡(中休)时间。 7. Theweather is warm (cold) and sunny (cloudy) here. 这里气候温和(寒冷),阳光充沛(阴天多云)。 8. Whatis the weather forecast for today? 今天天气预报怎样? 9. Theweatherman says , the highest temperature duringthe day will be twenty one degrees centigrade(21 °C ). 天气预报员说:今天白天最高气温为摄氏温度二十一度。 10. Thetemperature will drop to five above (below) zero tonight. 今晚温度将降到零上(下)五度。 11. Itis spring (summer, autumn, winter) time now. 现场是春天。(夏、 秋、 冬) 12. Thisroad leads to the factory. (Post Office, Telegraph Office, Telephone Booth,Travel Agency, Custom House, Bank , Hotel, Restaurant, Department Store, BookStore, Hospital, Theatre , Park). 这条路通到工厂。(邮局、电报局、电话间、旅行社、海关、银行、酒店、餐厅、百货商店、书店、医院、戏院、公园)。 13. Thereis equipment in front of the building.(behind the water tower, under the piperack, on the floor, inside the steel structure, in the workshop). 在建筑物前面(在水塔后面、在管廊下面、在地面上、在钢结构里面、在车间内)有一台设备。 14. Itis about twenty-five kilometers (miles) from here to Lanzhou. 这里离兰州约二十五公里。(哩) 15. Itis only a short way, turn left (right) at the next cross street, and then gostraight on. 离这里只有一小,到下一个十字路口向左(右)拐,然后一直向前走就到。 16. Itis very convenient from here to Shanghai.(Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Suzhou). 这里到上海(北京、天津、广州、苏州)很方便。 17. Youcan get there by train.(airplane, ship, bus) 你可以乘火车(飞机、轮船、公共汽车)去。 18. Ifit should rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days. 如果明天下雨,工作就要延期几天。 19. Theclimate quite agrees with us. 这气候对我们很适宜。 三、下面的阅读先预习,将生词的音标,主要意思附在后面,如: hydraulic 英 [haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk] 美 [haɪˈdrɔlɪk] adj. 水力的,水压的 ; 用水发动的 ; [ 建 ] 的 ; 水力学的 Hydraulicstructures Hydraulic engineering is built to control and allocate the natural surface water andgroundwater for the purpose of promoting benefits and removing evils. For the purposeof promoting benefits, hydraulic engineering is mainly divided into floodcontrol works, irrigation and water conservancy project, hydropowerengineering, power supply and drainage engineering, navigation engineering,etc. For the purpose of comprehensive utilization of water resources to meet theneed of flood control, irrigation, power generation, water supply andnavigation, it is necessary to build various of structures to form aninterrelated whole to controland distribute water together, constituting acomprehensive body called hydro-junction, the buildings in which are known ashydraulic structures. 2.1The Gravity dam on the rock foundation Gravity dam keeps stable depending onthe sliding resistance for cegenerated by itself weight. Gravity dam is usuallybuilt on the rock foundation and made of concrete or masonry. The dam axisisgenerally straight. Permanent transverse joints are provided perpendicular to the dam, by which the dam is divided into several independent blocks to adaptto changes in temperature and inhomogeneous settlement of foundation. 2.2The embankment and dike Embankment is a kind of water retaining dam ,composed by soil materials, stone materials or mixtures of them, heaped up bythe methods of dumping fill and compaction, etc. Embankment keeps its self stability by the frictionbetween the particles, the cohesive properties and compactness to resist the waterpressure and prevent seepage damage. 2.3Other dam types Arch dam is a spatial shell structure.The dam body structure can be approximated seen as a series of horizontal archrings and vertical cantilever beams. The dam structure has the roles of boththe beam and the arch with the characteristics of two-way transferring of load.The rubber dam is a new type of hydraulic structure with the development ofpolymer composite materials industry. Under the combined action of technical heavy vibration and compaction, the compacted concrete dam iscompleted by vibrating and compacting on a thin layer paving, dry concretemixes of relatively low cement content.The masonry dam has been widely used inmiddle and small sized hydraulic projects in the stone-rich areas. 2.4Sluice Sluice is a kind of low-head structureto control the flow and regulate the discharge, which has a dual role inretaining water and releasing water. Sluices are mostly built on the soilfoundation. 2.5The riverside spillway The spillway is a kind of the mostcommon release structures, which is built to release the excessive reservoirwater and empty reservoirs for construction diversion when necessary, in orderto meet the requirements of safety or others. 2.6The water conveyance structures The water conveyance structures are akind of buildings to transport water from the upstream to the downstream, for the purposes of irrigation,power generation and water supply, which can be divided into pressurized waterconveyance (water diversion) buildings and non-pressure water conveyance (waterdiversion) buildings. 2.7Hydraulic transition process of hydropower station Diversion system, water turbine and its speedcontrol device, generators, electrical load ofhydropower station compose a large power system. The system has two stablestates: static and constant speed operation. When the power system istransferred from one state to another or is disturbed in a constant speed operation,the system will appear an unsteady transition (transient state) process, which willresult in a series of engineering problems such as water hammer of pressurewater pipe (channel), water level fluctuation of the surge chamber, speedchange of water turbineset and the stability of the speed control system, etc. 2.8 Hydropower house Hydropower station structuresconsist of intake structure, water conveyance structure, equalizing structureand powerhouse structure. Hydropower house is a comprehensive engineering facility transforminghydropower into electricity, which includes powerhouse buildings, water turbines, generators, transformers, switching stations and soon. It’s also a place of production and activity for the operating personnel . 2.9Layout of a hydrojunction Layout of a hydro junction is a relativeconcentration arrangement of various buildings with different roles to ensure agood corporation in operation. 2 水利水电工程建筑物 水利工程是指本着除害的目的兴建的对自然界地表水和地下水进行控制与调配的工程。从目的来看,水利工程主要分为防洪工程、农田水利工程、水力发电工程、供电和排水工程、航运工程等。为了综合利用水资源,达到满足防洪、灌溉、发电、供水和航运等目的,需要组合兴建多种不同类型的建筑物,形成一个相互联系的整体,共同控制和分配水流,由此构成的综合体称为水利枢纽,其组成建筑物称为水工建筑物。 2.1 上的重力坝 重力坝依靠坝体自重产生的抗滑维持稳定,通常修建在上,用混凝土或浆砌石筑成。坝轴线一般为直线,垂直坝轴线方向设有永久性横缝,将坝体分为若干个独立坝段,以适应温度变化和地基不均匀沉陷。 2.2 土石坝与堤防 土石坝是指由土料、石料或土石混合料,采用抛填、碾压等方法堆筑成的挡水坝。土石坝主要利用土石颗粒之间的摩擦、黏聚特性和密实性来维持自身的稳定、抵御水压力和防止渗透破坏。 2.3 其他坝型 拱坝为一空间壳体结构,其坝体结构可近似看作一系列水平拱圈和竖向悬臂梁组成,坝体结构既有梁的作用,又有拱的作用,具有双向传递荷载的特点。 橡胶坝是随着高分子合成材料工业的发展而出现的一种新型水工建筑物。碾压混凝土坝利用机械的强力振动和碾压的共同作用,对分薄层摊铺的、水泥含量比较低的干硬性混凝土拌合料进行震动压实。浆砌石坝在石料丰富地区的中小型水利工程中得 2.4 水闸 水闸是一种控制水流和调节流量的低水头建筑物,具有挡水和泄水双重作用,多修建在土质地基上。 2.5 河岸溢洪道 溢洪道是最常见的泄水建筑物,是为排泄水库多余水量、必要时放空水库以及施工期导流,以满足其他要求而修建的建筑物。 2.6 输水建筑物 输水建筑物是为灌溉、发电和供水需要从上下游输水用的建筑物,分为有压输水(引水)建筑物和无压输水(引水)建筑物 2.7 水电站水力过渡过程 水电站的引水系统、水轮机及其调速设备、发电机、电力负荷等组成一个大的动力系统,这个系统有两个稳定状态:静止和恒速运行。当动力系统从一个状态转移到另一个状态,或在恒速运行时受到扰动,系统都会出现非恒定的过渡(暂态)过程,由此产生一系列工程问题:压力水管(道)的水锤现象、调压室水位波动现象、机组转速变化和调速系统的稳定等问题。 2.8 水电站厂房 水电站组成建筑物为进水、输水建筑物、平压建筑物和厂房建筑物。水电站厂房是将水能转化为电能的综合工程设施,包括厂房建筑、水轮机、发电机、变压器、开关站等,也是运行人员进行生产和活动的场所。 2.9 水利水电枢纽布置 水利水电枢纽布置是将作用不同的建筑物相对集中布置,并保证它们在运行中良好配合的工作。