Indicate which of the proposed reconstructions best captures the argument in the following passages from Steven Jay Gould, "The Panda's Thumb". Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer; [since] they are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. Thus, they must have evolved from ordinary flowers.
A.
(1) Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer. (2) Orchids are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. ____________________________ ∴ (3) Orchids must have evolved from ordinary flowers. (from 1-2)
B.
(1) Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer. (2) Organisms that were not made by an ideal engineer must have evolved from ordinary organisms of the same kind. ____________________________ ∴ (3) Orchids must have evolved from ordinary flowers. (from 1-2) (4) Orchids are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. (5) Organisms that are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components must have evolved from ordinary organisms of the same kind. ____________________________ ∴ (3) Orchids must have evolved from ordinary flowers. (from 4-5)
C.
(1) Orchids are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components. (2) Organisms that are jury-rigged from a limited set of available components were not made by an ideal engineer. (3) Orchids are organisms. ____________________________ ∴ (4) Orchids were not made by an ideal engineer. (from 1-3) (5) Organisms that were not made by an ideal engineer must have evolved from ordinary organisms of the same kind. (6) Orchids are a kind of flower. ____________________________ ∴ (7) Orchids must have evolved from ordinary flowers. (from 3-6)