作业 1 In this section, there are two passages with 10 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Passage 1 Smokers’ Lungs Can Heal Lungs have an almost “magical” ability to heal the damage caused by smoking –but only if you stop, a study suggests. The findings, published in Nature, add to the 1 that it is never too late to give up smoking: it appears that as well as preventing further damage from occurring, quitting allows the lungs to “regenerate”, 2 reducing the risk of cancer. For the study, researchers from the UK and Japan 3 lung biopsies on 16 people, including smokers, former smokers and adults who’d never smoked. As expected, the lung cells of current smokers showed far more mutations (including potentially cancer-causing ones) than those of non-smokers. While the lung cells of former smokers also exhibited more mutations than 4 , up to 40% of their cells had no signs of damage at all – four times the rate in current smokers. The scientists suspect that these healthy cells are descended from stem cells that are dormant while the person still smokes, enabling them to evade damage. “Once the person quits smoking, the cells 5 proliferate from this safe harbour to replace the damaged cells,” said Dr Peter Campbell of the Wellcome Sanger Institute. (Taken from NEWS 21, THE WEEK, 15 FEBRUARY 2020 | ISSUE 1266) Passage 2 Smoking Damage Heals It’s never too late to stop smoking—and your lungs may even make a partial recovery. That’s the surprising conclusion of a new study, which found that quitting cigarettes can 6 a healing process even in people who puffed a pack a day for 40 years. The chemicals in tobacco smoke corrupt the DNA in lung cells, gradually 7 them from healthy to cancerous. Researchers at University College London examined lung biopsies taken from 16 people—including current smokers, ex-smokers, and people who’d never smoked—and 8 that nine out of 10 lung cells in current smokers had up to 10,000 more genetic mutations than in nonsmokers. Study co-author Kate Gowers calls these genetic alterations “mini time bombs, waiting for the next hit that causes them to progress to cancer.” But a 9 proportion of lung cells remains unaffected, and when a person stops smoking, these cells grow and replace the damaged cells around them. In ex-smokers, up to 40 percent of their cells looked like those of people who’d never smoked. Why these cells remain unscathed—and how many cells they can replenish—is unclear, reports BBC.com. The researchers say answering those questions could help them 10 the repair process. (Taken from NEWS 19, THE WEEK, FEBRUARY 21, 2020 VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 963) A. spark B. gradually C. attained D. improve E. accomplished F. analysed G. vigorous H. turning I. normal J. ridiculously K. found L. tiny M. evidence N. determination O. significantly