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changed K visible L were created M view N factor The modern urban planning and redevelopment movement ____________ (1) in response to the ______________ (2) and dirtiness of the slum areas which ___________ (3) by the industrial Revolution in the 19 th century. Reformation of these areas was the objective of early city planners, who imposed regulatory laws establishing _____________ (4) for housing, sanitation, water supply, sewage and public health conditions. Urban planners also introduced parks and playgrounds into crowded city neighborhoods, providing places of recreation, as well as ______________ (5) relief. The chief new urban-planning concept of the early 20 th century was zoning --- the regulation of building activity to set ____________ (6) of height and density and to protect established neighborhoods. Urban territory _____________ (7) as a result of improved public transportations. Workers could live far from their jobs, traveling back and forth by bus, subway, or car. By the middle of 20 th century, urban planning ____________ (8) its focus. Planners realized that factors of city living must be considered as a whole, so they aimed less at attacking specific problems than at the improvement of entire urban surroundings. Another _____________ (9) of urban building has been the building of experimental new towns and cities. In Great Britain, India, Israel, and South America, a few new cities were built entirely from plans. Urban planning was an important _____________ (10) in Europe after World War Two, when urban planners directed the reconstruction of war-shattered areas. (40.0分)