[ 填空 1] Logic is the use and study of valid [ 填空 2] . The study of logic features most prominently in the subjects of philosophy, [ 填空 3] , and computer science. Logic was studied in several ancient [ 填空 4] , including India, China, Persia and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal [ 填空 5] by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic was part of the classical trivium ( 三学科 ), which also included [ 填空 6] and rhetoric. Logic was further [ 填空 7] by Al- Farabi who categorized it into two separate groups (idea and [ 填空 8] ). Later, Avicenna revived the study of logic and developed relationship between temporalis and the [ 填空 9] ( 时间与意义 ). In the East, logic was developed by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains ( 耆那教徒 ). Logic is often divided into three parts: [ 填空 10] reasoning, abductive reasoning( 溯因推理) , and deductive reasoning (演绎推理) .