The ancient Greeks developed basic memory systems called Mnemonics. The name is (1) from their Goddess of Memory, Mnemosene. In the ancient world, a trained memory was an (2) asset, particularly in public life. There were no (3) devices for taking notes and early Greek orators (演说家) delivered long speeches with great (4) because they learned the speeches using Mnemonic systems. The Greeks discovered that human memory is (5) an associative process—that it works by linking things together. For example, think of an apple. The (6) your brain registers the word "apple", it (7) the shape, colour, taste, smell and (8) of that fruit. All these things are associated in your memory with the word "apple". (9) . An example could be when you think about a lecture you have had. This could trigger a memory about what you were talking about through that lecture, which can then trigger another memory. (10) . An example given on a website I was looking at follows: Do you remember the shape of Austria, Canada, Belgium or Germany? Probably not. What about Italy, though? (11) You made an association with something already known, the shape of a boot, and Italy's shape could not be forgotten once you had made the association.