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The exhibit below presents the 1997 balance of payments statistics for France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. EXHIBIT : 1997 Balance of Payments of Five Major Countries Billions of U.S. Dollars France Germany Japan U.K. U.S.A. Current Account 39 - 1 94 7 - 167 Exports 284 510 409 279 680 Imports - 256 - 436 - 308 - 300 - 877 Trade Balance 28 74 101 - 21 - 197 Balance of Services 17 - 41 - 54 15 87 Net Income 3 - 2 56 19 - 18 Current Transfers - 9 - 32 - 9 - 7 - 39 Capital and Financial Account - 33 - 1 - 88 - 11 168 Direct Investments - 12 - 33 - 23 - 21 - 11 Portfolio Investments - 24 - 5 29 - 22 308 Other Financial and Capital Flows - 2 36 - 128 25 - 32 Net Errors and Omissions 5 1 34 7 - 97 Official Reserve Account - 6 2 - 6 4 - 1 Source : Adapted from International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics , 1998 Yearbook. According to the exhibit, which statement(s) is/are right about the United States?A.
The United States has been running a very large current account deficit for many years, and the 1997 deficit reached $167 billion.
B.
A positive balance for services and net income received from abroad are far from compensating a huge deficit in the U.S. merchandise trade balance ($197 billion).
C.
The U.S. capital and financial account is in surplus ($168 billion), despite the fact that Americans have been net direct investors abroad (–$11 billion).
D.
The 1997 surplus in the U.S. capital and financial account is explained by the fact that foreigners are happy to make portfolio investments and lend money to the United States (portfolio investments of $308 billion).
E.
The surplus in the capital and financial account is not sufficient to cover the huge current account deficit.
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