Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity which a person does. It is a task which can be attempted in various of ways, some of which are 【M1】 ______ more appropriate than others. When the material to be learned is 【M2】 ______ a brief and simple kind which is familiar with the person and of intense 【M3】 ______ interest to him, effective learning usually proceeds automatically. In the first place, the person at once relates the material to other material which has already securely learned. Subsequently, the relevance 【M4】 ______ of the newly learned material to his interests assures its being 【M5】 ______ recalled on many occasions; and one repetition minimizes 【M6】 ______ the likelihood of remembering. Furthermore, the subsequent use 【M7】 ______ of the new material is likely to take place in a variety of contexts and, so, the material becomes related to a narrower range of other material. 【M8】 ______ Because of all this, the material is rapidly learned, long retained, and recalled with increasingly readiness in a variety of 【M9】 ______ contexts. Without really trying, the person had fulfilled a 【M10】 ______ few important conditions of effective learning. 【M1】