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据有关资料显示:住院的冠心病病人中男女差别显著,男女比例约为 2 . 55 : 1 ,急性心肌梗塞患者的男女比例约为 4 . 75 : 1 ,而且女性患者的症状大多较轻。为什么男性比女性容 易患冠心病呢 ? 原来, 这种差别 [68] 主要是和雌激素的保护作用有关。雌激素通过对血脂的影响,增加高密度脂蛋白的含量,加速乳糜微粒和低密度脂蛋白的清除,抑制了动脉粥样硬化的形成过程,也具有促使受损血管自我修复的作用,从而明显地减少了女性冠心病的发病率。科研工作者给家兔注射大量雌激素后发现,雌激素可以明显抑制动脉粥样硬化的形成和降低血脂,临床上如用乙烯雌酚治疗冠心病,则可改善症状、纠正血脂代谢紊乱。女性在绝经后,雌激素水平下降,这种保护作用明显减弱,所以冠心病患病率明显上升。
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