Review of Rhetoric I. Introduction -- Negative connotation in today’s context e.g. “rhetoric” implies “ (1)______” in politician’s speech -- “rhetoric” was very important in Western history II. Brief History of “rhetoric” A. Ancient Greece 1) Its origin: derives from the 5th century B.C. in (2) ______ 2) It implied a use of words -- Emphasis was on (3)______ , i.e. public speaking Reason: primary mode of expression was oral 3) Scholar: Aristotle was who first discussed rhetoric in detail -- Logic, emotions and the character of the speaker are means of (4)______ 4) Different aspects of rhetoric --e.g. how to find topics, how to organize the information, etc. B. Middle Age in Europe 1) Position: one of the main subjects of the (5)______ 2) Mode: both oral and written C. (6) ______ 1) Landmark: invention of printing, 2) rhetorical principles were mainly applied to (7)______ III. Summary A. Oral “rhetoric” takes on negative connotations B. Printed language is more (8) ______ than spoken C. “English” focuses on the words themselves, without reference to mode IV. Rhetoric in the Internet Era A. Pay attention to what accompanies the words B. Redefining “literate”: being proficient in language and using (9) ______ V. Closure -- Aim of the course -- Present the term “information (10)______ ”