Facts about Depression In any given one-year period, 9.5% of the population, or about 18.8 million American adults, suffer from a depressive illness. The economic cost for this disorder is high, but the cost in human suffering cannot be estimated. Depressive illnesses often interfere with normal functioning and cause pain and suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but also to those who care about them. Serious depression can destroy family life as well as the life of the ill person. But much of this suffering is unnecessary. Most people with a depressive illness do not seek treatment, although the great majority—even those whose depression is extremely severe—can be helped. Thanks to years of fruitful research, there are now medications and psychosocial therapies such as cognitive/behavioral 'talk' or interpersonal that ease the pain of depression. What's a Depressive Disorder? A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. People with a depressive illness cannot merely 'pull themselves together' and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression. Types of Depression Depressive disorders come in different forms, just as is the case with other illnesses such as heart disease. Brief descriptions of the most common types of depressive disorders are given below. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence. Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms (see symptom list) that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime. A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic(慢性的) symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives. Another type of depression is bipolar disorder. Not nearly as prevalent as other forms of depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs(mania) and lows(depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they are gradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior. in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase(状态) may feel elated, full of grand schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees(放纵). Mania, left untreated, may worsen to a psychotic state. Symptoms of Depression and Mania Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few symptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time. Depression -Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism -Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness -Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex -Decreased energy, fatigue, being 'slowed down' -Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions -Insomnia, early morning awakening, or oversleepi