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Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn't mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered. Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $ 3 billion to $ 5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts-to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe. data bases. The Criminal Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage 'hackers'—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e.. an 'insider'. Difficulty of Detection and Prevention Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it. Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for 'weapons' or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes. Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a mom filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company's work or committing a criminal act? Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer's capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as LosAngeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units. But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律师), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer's potential for misuse. After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起诉) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust. To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isn't fully trained to understand the nature and
A.
Y
B.
N
C.
NG
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【判断题】沈阳故宫西路 ——大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫等,于一六二七年至一六三五年建成,是皇帝进行政治活动和后妃居住的地方。
A.
正确
B.
错误
【判断题】The main clause of “Tom says it’s a fine day.” is “it’s a fine day.”
A.
正确
B.
错误
【多选题】沈阳故宫按照建筑布局和建造时间先后,可以分为三部分:( )。
A.
东路为努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭
B.
中路为皇太极时期续建的大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫等
C.
北路为皇太极时期续建的大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫等
D.
西路为乾隆时期增建的戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等
【简答题】特异性免疫应答的过程是______、______、______。
【简答题】免疫应答包括()免疫应答和()免疫应答。其中前者又称为非特异性免疫应答,后者又称为特异性免疫应答或获得性免疫应答。
【判断题】人体抵御感染保护性免疫应答包括特异性免疫和非特异性免疫。()
A.
正确
B.
错误
【单选题】特异性免疫应答( )
A.
细胞免疫
B.
细胞免疫 、体液免疫
C.
体液免疫
D.
固有免疫应答
E.
先天性免疫应答
【单选题】下列有关固有免疫应答与特异性免疫应答,不正确的是
A.
固有免疫应答与特异性免疫应答无关
B.
固有免疫应答可启动特异性免疫应答
C.
固有免疫应答影响特异性免疫应答的类型
D.
固有免疫应答在体液免疫应答的效应阶段发挥重要作用
E.
固有免疫应答在细胞免疫应答的效应阶段发挥重要作用
【单选题】维生素C来源于()。
A.
谷类食物
B.
肉类食物
C.
新鲜蔬菜水果
D.
腌菜
【判断题】The clause “Tom says it’s a fine day.” is an independent complex clause and also a complex sentence.
A.
正确
B.
错误
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