Microbiology has not only made important contributions to many disciplines but also affected both medicine and pharmacy a lot. Medical microbiology is the study of the pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human illness, which includes the study of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology and is related to the study of disease pathology and immunology. Pharmaceutical microbiology is considered the part of industrial microbiology that is responsible for creating medications. Microorganisms are used to produce human or animal biologicals such as insulin, growth hormone, and antibodies. Diagnostic assays that use monoclonal antibody, DNA probe technology or real-time PCR are used as rapid tests for pathogenic organisms in the clinical laboratory.