Passage1 Why don't birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they're beginning to fill in the blanks. Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights. A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird's cage was placed under a artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight. But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they apparently find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when it's too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way. 1. The reason why birds don't get lost on long flights _________. A. has been known to scientists for years B. has only recently been discovered C. is known by everyone D. will probably remain a mystery 2. During daylight hours, birds _______. A. fly aimlessly B. rely on landmarks C. use the sun for guidance D. are more likely to get lost 3. By "his outdoor cousins" the author means __________. A. other experimenters B. the other doves of the same brood C. doves under the natural sky D. other birds in general 4. The experiment with the dove indicated that __________. A. birds have to the taught to navigate B. a bird that has been caged will not fly long distances C. some birds cannot fly at night D. some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night 5. In total darkness, doves ____________. A. use landmarks B. don't know which way to fly C. fly back home D. wait for the stars to appear Passage2 In the United States many have been told that anyone can become rich and successful if he works hard and has some good luck. Yes, when one becomes rich he wants people to know it. And even he does not become very rich, he wants people to think he is. That's what "Keeping up with the Joneses" is about. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American by the name of Arthur Momand. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things to keep up with their neighbors: they try to look as rich and as successful as their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it "Keeping Up with the Joneses", because "Jones" is a very common name in the United States . "Keeping up with the Joneses" came to mean keeping up with the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. That is one reason why they read the "right" books, go to the "right" universities and eat in the "right" restaurants. Every city has an area where people want to live because others will think better of them if they do. And there are "Joneses" in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses, because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. 6. Why, according to the passage, do many people try to keep up with the Joneses? A. Because they want to be as rich as their neighbors. B. Because they feel proud to be taken for the Joneses. C. Because they want others to know or think they are rich. D. Because they are afraid that others will know they are rich. 7. Why did Arthur Momand use the name "Jones" in his stories? A. Because many rich people in the U.S. are named Jones. B. Because few rich people in the U.S. are named Jones. C. Because the name sounds funny and impressive. D. Because there are many people in the U.S. whose family name is Jones. 8. What does the author refer to when he says the "right" books? A. Books that other people around are reading. B. Books that teach people how to get rich and successful. C. Books by famous and successful writers. D. Very expensive books. 9. What does the author mean by "Mr. Jones always seem to be ahead"? A. It seems Mr. Jones is always walking ahead of others. B. It seems one can never keep up with all the people around. C. It seems Mr. Jones is a very rich man. D. It seems one has to work very hard to get rich. 10. What is the author's opinion? A. It is funny to try to keep up with the Joneses. B. It is necessary to keep up with the Joneses. C. It is hard to keep up with the people around you. D. It is senseless to try to keep up with the people around you. Passage 3 In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “ battle of the sexes ” . If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important – and that has happened in some cases – we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” – but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit – nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (相关的,切题的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family. 11. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is _________________. A fundamental to a sound democracy B not pertinent to healthy family life C responsible for Momism D what we have almost given up 12. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that ___________. A the role of the father may become an inferior one B the role of the mother may become an inferior one C the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexes D sharing leads to constant arguing 13. The author states that bringing up children ________________. A is mainly the mother’s job B belongs among the duties of the father C is the job of schools and churches D involves a partnership of equals 14. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ____________________. A minor because he is an ineffectual parent B irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C pertinent to the healthy development of the child D identical to the role of the child’s mother 15. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores. C Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D A woman’s place in the home – now as always.