Three modes of ship operation: ________ , ________ and industrial operation :There are three basic modes of operation of commercial ships: liner, tramp, and industrial operations. Liners operate according to a published route and schedule similar to a bus line, and the demand for their services depends among other things on their schedules. Liner operators usually control container and general cargo vessels. Tramp ships follow the available cargoes, similar to a taxicab. Often tramp ships engage in contracts of affreightment.