THE INTRODUCTION OF PREDATORS.

PREVENTING THE KIWI DECLIN E.

REASONS FOR CONCER N. D.EXPLANATION FOR LARGER BIRD POPULATIONS. E.LAND OF THE KIW I. KIWIS ARE FLIGHTLESS BIRDS ENDEMIC TO NEW ZEALAND, AND BY FAR THE SMALLEST LIVING RAT-ITES AND LAY THE LARGEST EGG IN RELATION TO THEIR BODY SIZE OF ANY SPECIES OF BIRD IN THE WORL D. 【A1】______ THE KIWI IS SYNONYMOUS WITH NEW ZEALAND, SO MUCH SO THAT AUSTRALIANS ENDEARINGLY REFER TO NEW ZEALANDERS AS 'KIWI' —PEOPLE FROM THE LAND OF THE KIW I.THIS UNIQUE BIRD, RECOGNIZABLE BY ITS SHORT SQUAT BODY AND ELONGATED BEAK, IS UNDER THREAT.ITS SMALL, CLAWLIKE WINGS RENDER THE KIWI FLIGHTLESS; IT MUST OF NECESSITY LIVE ON THE GROUN D.THE KIWI IS THUS EASY PREY TO MARAUDING ENEMIES SUCH AS HUMANS AND MAMMALS. 【A2】______ WHEN THE GREAT LAND MASS OF THE SOUTH SPLIT 75 MILLION YEARS AGO, THE KIWI AND MANY OTHER GROUND-LIVING BIRD SPECIES BECAME SEPARATED FROM PREDATORY MAMMALS WITHIN WHAT WAS LATER TO BECOME KNOW AS NEW ZEALAN D.THE BIRDS WERE ABLE TO MULTIPLY AND FLOURISH BECAUSE THERE WERE VERY FEW MAMMALS LANDLOCKED WITHIN THE ISLANDS.KIWIS HAVE EVOLVED CERTAIN MAMMALIAN CHARACTERISTICS OVER TIME, LIVING ON THE GROUND AND FREE AS THEY WERE FROM ATTACK BY MAMMALS. 【A3】______ HOWEVER, WHEN THE POLYNESIANS ARRIVED ABOUT 1,000 YEARS AGO BRINGING WITH THEM DOGS AND RATS, THE KIWI POPULATION AND OTHER VULNERABLE BIRD SPECIES SOON SUFFERED A SEVERE REDUCTION IN NUMBERS.THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY BROUGHT EVEN MORE DETERMINED PREDATORS, INCLUDING THE CAT AND, ESPECIALLY, THE STOAT —A KIND OF WEASEL INTRODUCED TO CONTROL RABBITS.THE STOAT IS A VERY VICIOUS AND EFFICIENT KILLER OF KIWIS. 【A4】______ THERE ARE SIX TYPES OF KIWIS, AND ALL SIX ARE THREATENE D.TWO ARE 'CRITICALLY ENDANGERED' BECAUSE THEY HAVE POPULATIONS OF LESS THAN 250 MATURE BIRDS.TWO ARE 'ENDANGERED' MEANING THAT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT WITHIN THREE GENERATIONS THEIR NUMBERS WILL HAVE DECLINED BY 50%.THE OTHER TWO ARE DESIGNATED 'VULNERABLE' —ONE BECAUSE ITS HABITAT IS SHRINKING, THE OTHER BECAUSE IT IS POTENTIALLY UNDER THREAT FROM STOATS AND OTHER MAMMALS. 【A5】______ 100 YEARS AGO THERE WERE MORE THAN 5 MILLION NORTH ISLAND BROWN KIWIS.TODAY, THERE ARE PROBABLY AROUND 30,000 AND THE POPULATION IS DECREASING AT A RATE OF 6% A YEAR. ONLY THE LITTLE SPOTTED KIWI IS INCREASING BECAUSE OF SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO TRANSFER THE CREATURE TO PREDATOR-FREE OFFSHORE ISLANDS.THERE ARE FURTHER REASONS FOR HOP E.TRAPPING PREDATORS AND REARING BABY CHICKS FOR LATER RELEASE INTO THE WILD CAN HAVE A DRAMATIC EFFECT ON KIWINUMBERS; BUT IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO DO SO ON A LARGE SCAL E. IT WOULD BE TRAGIC IF NEW ZEALAND WERE TO LOSE ITS NATIONAL SYMBOL, THE KIW I.SURELY THE STRANGEST BIRD IN EXISTENCE, UNABLE TO FLY, IT SNIFFS OUT ITS FOOD WITH A REMARKABLY STRONG SENSE OF SMELL.ITS LEGS ARE POWERFUL AND MUSCULAR, FOR THE KIWI IS A BURROWER LIVING IN DENS—SOME SPECIES EVEN PREFERRING TUNNELS, YET ANOTHER SIMILARITY IT SHARES WITH SOME MAMMALS.BUT IT CANNOT SHARE ITS HABITAT WITH THEM WITHOUT EVENTUALLY LOSING THE BATTLE FOR SURVIVAL.

正确

错误

正确

错误

在电路 (a) 中，断开 S ， A 将渐渐变暗

在电路 (a) 中，断开 S ， A 将先变得更亮，然后渐渐变暗

在电路 (b) 中，断开 S ， A 将渐渐变暗

在电路 (b) 中，断开 S ， A 将先变得更亮，然后渐渐变暗

可抑制DNA的模板活性

可抑制tRNA的进位

可抑制细菌的RNA聚合酶活性

可抑制转肽酶活性

能与细菌核糖体的小亚基结合使其变构

D的波形如图(b)所示。

Brunner's method

Ausubel's theory

Kelly's theory

Piaget's theory

应当制定用火、用电、易燃易爆材料使用等消防安全管理制度，确定消防安全责任人，按规定设置消防通道、消防水源，配备消防设施和灭火器材

电力建设工程开工前，施工单位应当开展现场查勘，编制施工组织设计、施工方案和安全技术措施并按技术管理相关规定报建设单位、监理单位同意

应当落实防灾减灾责任，建立健全自然灾害预测预警和应急响应机制，对重点区域、重要部位地质灾害情况进行评估检查

应当监控基础开挖、洞室开挖、水下作业等重大危险作业的地质条件变化情况，及时调整设计方案和安全技术措施

正确

错误

－ 2V

－ 1V

2V

3V