Confucius taught in private schools over _____________ disciples, of whom _____________ were persons of virtue ( 贤人 ) who went to spread the Confucian philosophy. 2. Thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and many other different schools were taught widely and this later led to the “ _______ ______”in the Warring States period. 3. Official schools began during _____________. The teaching materials were centered on the ____________________________________. 4. Academies ( 书院 ) of classical leaning and books collection mansions existed for thousands of years and were more like the present higher education institutions and libraries. There were four famous academies in ancient China: _____________ in Changsha, Hunan province; _____________ on Mount Lushan, Jiangxi province; _____________ in Dengfeng, Henan province; _____________ in Shangqiu, Henan province. 5. The_____________ , or keju, began in the _____________ and lasted about _____________ years until the end of the _____________. 6. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the annual examination was held _____________; the civil examination featured writing, which involved the writing of an _____________, which is known for its rigidity of form and strict adherence to the ideology of the ruling class. 7. New learning, a different type of school from traditional official schools, was modeled on _____________. 8. The law of compulsory education came into effect on _____________, requiring each child to have nine years of formal education. 9. The history of higher education in China can be traced back to the _____________ over 2000 years ago, and the institute was _____________. Since the Sui dynasty, the institute was called _____________, which was also the highest administrative bureau for national affairs. 10. _____________ ( 学院 ) are non-profit institutions, usually under the universities and research institutes in foreign countries.